Social Historical Transformations caused by the Book as the First Mass Medium

Today, the mass media plays a fundamental role in not only forming and reflecting the needs and opinions of people, but also connecting diverse perspectives to individuals and reproducing the self-image of society (Crowley, 2006).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Social Historical Transformations caused by the ‘Book’ as the First Mass Medium specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More When these roles are played back to the past, it is evidently clear that the ‘book’ as the first mass medium instituted some major transformations whose effects helped shape society in ways that inarguably influences our very own thought systems, values, and attitudes. It is the purpose of this paper to evaluate some of the social and historical transformations caused by the book as the first mass medium. While it is known that the Sumerians were the first to write using words about five thousand years ago, and the co dex – a traditional modern form of the book – has been around for about nineteen hundred years, the first known book not written by hand originated from China just around the ninth century AD (A History of the Book, n.d.). Later day technologies have enabled the ‘book’ to be mass-produced and mass-read using various formats and, currently, the convergence of technology has enabled people to read books online. On the social front, the ‘book’ has caused many transformations, especially in availing a medium through which people from diverse cultural backgrounds could read books to share knowledge and improve their literacy levels (Crowley, 2006). The adage ‘information is power’ has been well documented over the years, and the ‘book’ served well as the first mass medium to disperse knowledge to individuals across diverse geographic locations, thus giving them the power to not only make informed decisions and take control of their lives, but also to have a reference point through which they could effectively find solutions to the everyday problems. This is inline with the fundamental tenets of any form of mass medium. The book, through the reproduction and distribution of standardized knowledge, can also be credited for initializing social coordination (Crowley, 2006). To reinforce this point, books allowed people and societies to use standardized ways and procedures of doing things that had been developed by ancient thinkers through objective and elaborate means, and therefore instituted social coordination. Also, books brought into the fore the aura of enjoyment and excitement, especially to ardent book readers.Advertising Looking for essay on advertising? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On the historical front, it is clear that the discovery of the book as the first mass medium led to the storage and transfer of knowledge that clearly infor med the decisions made by political leaders, religious leaders and philosophers of that time. According to Frost (1998), â€Å"†¦sectarians in north and eastern Africa adopted the codex book as a medium for their literature as is exemplified by the fourth century Gnostic books found at Nag Hammadi† (para. 2). The knowledge that the codex was also principally used by early missionaries and other sectarians to disperse the Christian teachings in areas such as the Balkan Peninsula, Africa, and Asia Minor has also been well documented. This lead to great historical transformations, which saw multitudes of people convert to the Christian doctrine and profess its faith, not because of what could be seen in the physical realm, but because of what was contained in the book (Frost, 1998). Visionary leaders of the past have projected diverse political and social orientations that are unified by what these readers read in the books rather than their own personal perceptions and vie wpoints (Frost, 1998). For instance, it can be argued that traditional Russian political leaders such as Joseph Stalin and others were very much influenced by the writings of Karl Marx to an extent that they saw the establishment of a socialist state as the only true way to govern the populace. To date, such historical transformations still influence the political thinking of Russian leaders and the general population. As such, it can be safely concluded that the ‘book’ as the first mass medium caused profound social and historical transformations. Reference List A History of the Book. (n.d.). Web. Crowley, D. (2007). Communication in History: Technology, Culture, Society 5th Ed. London: Allyn Bacon Frost, G. (1998). Adoption of the codex book: Parable of a new reading mode. Retrieved from http://cool.conservation-us.org/coolaic/sg/bpg/annual/v17/bp17-10.htmlAdvertising We will write a custom essay sample on Social Historical Transformations caused by the ‘ Book’ as the First Mass Medium specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This essay on Social Historical Transformations caused by the ‘Book’ as the First Mass Medium was written and submitted by user Yandel Cobb to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Joseph John Thomson Essays - Electron Beam, Charge Carriers

Joseph John Thomson Essays - Electron Beam, Charge Carriers Joseph John Thomson Biography Joseph John Thomson was born in 1856 in Cheetham Hill, Manchester, England. His mother, Emma Swindells, came from a local textile family. His father, Joseph James Thomson, ran an antiquarian bookshop founded by a great-grandfather. He had a brother two years younger than him, Frederick Vernon Thomson. His early education was in small private schools where he demonstrated great talent and interest in science. In 1870 he was admitted to Owens College at the unusually young age of 14. His parents planned to enroll him as an apprentice engineer to Sharp-Stewart & Co, a locomotive manufacturer, but these plans were cut short when his father died in 1873. He moved on to Trinity College, Cambridge in 1876. In 1880, he obtained his BA in mathematics (Second Wrangler and 2nd Smith's Prize) and MA (with Adams Prize) in 1883. In 1884 he became Cavendish Professor of Physics. One of his students was Ernest Rutherford, who later succeeded him in the post. In 1890 he married Rose Elisabeth Paget, daughter of Sir George Edward Paget, KCB, a physician and then Regius Professor of Physic at Cambridge. They had one son, George Paget Thomson, and one daughter, Joan Paget Thomson. One of Thomson's greatest contributions to modern science was in his role as a highly gifted teacher: seven of his research assistants and his son won Nobel Prizes in physics. His son won the Nobel Prize in 1937 for proving the wavelike properties of electrons. He was awarded a Nobel Prize in 1906, "in recognition of the great merits of his theoretical and experimental investigations on the conduction of electricity by gases." He was knighted in 1908 and appointed to the Order of Merit in 1912. In 1914 he gave the Romanes Lecture in Oxford on "The atomic theory". In 1918 he became Master of Trinity College, Cambridge, where he remained until his death. He died on 30 August 1940 and was buried in Westminster Abbey, close to Sir Isaac Newton. Thomson was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society on 12 June 1884 and was President of the Royal Society from 1915 to 1920. (1) J.J. Thomson's Atomic Model and Theory Thomson discovered the electron in the year 1897. His work put forward a new theory, that atom was made up of small particles.Thus he discovered the electrons. He proved his theory using the cathode ray tube. Scientists had already done many experiments to find the structure of the atom. They passed an electric current through a vacuum tube. They saw a light glowing inside the tube. It travelled in a straight line. They could not explain the phenomenon. Thomson did more experiments on the cathode tube. He placed two electric plates on its path. One was positively charged. The other was negatively charged. The glowing light bent towards the positively charged plate.and found that the glowing materials bent towards the positively charged plate. He found out that the glowing light were smaller particles. They were smaller than the atom. Thus Thomson found the particle called electron. Thus J.J.Thomson's atomic theory was found. Thomson suggested that the electrons came out ofthe trace gas that was inside the cathode tube. Thus a new theory that atoms were made of tiny particles surfaced. Thomson discovered the electrons and it was proved that atoms were made up of protons, electrons and neutrons. Thus Thomson proved that the atom was divisible. Since the atom was neutral, Thomson suggested that the negatively charged electron equalled the positively charged proton and neutrons had no charges.Thomson suggested to consider the atom as a sphere. It has positively charged particles. The positively charged particles is surrounded by the negatively charged electons. The electrons were placed there due to electrostatic forces. (2) What is a Cathode Ray Tube? Even without consciously realizing it, most of us are already aware of what a cathode ray tube is. Look at any glowing neon sign or any old-fashioned television set, and you are looking at the modern descendants of the cathode ray tube. Physicists in the 19th century found out that if they constructed a glass tube with wires inserted in both ends, and pumped out as much of the air as they could, an electric charge passed across the tube from the wires would

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Great Eastern Tourism Essay

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Great Eastern Tourism Essay Great Treasure Wonder – is a vibrant bequest plan that is supreme for soaring achieving individuals. It comes with an amazing rewards and a regular payment. Apart from that, it also has partial sum terms, assured flow of cash all through policy term, rising fortification with extra amount guaranteed and finally cash bonuses. Great Cash Wonder – an endowment plan especially intended for individuals who would like to witness their investments develop in the extensive term not including the obligation of an extended best imbursement term. Great Income Plus – is a long-term monetary security and safeguard with restricted payment stage. Great EduPlanner – is an education fund especially for children. It also offers the additional benefit of protection adjacent to life’s suspicions to ensure your child enjoys a more protected tomorrow. Great Cash gain – offers a substitute technique to lay aside for your coming days and also gives you the benefit of protection against life’s uncertainties. Elite Builder – guaranteed survival benefit even for a long term which is for the future. SmartInvest Growth – Asset-linked assurance outline planned to do just with the purpose of by enhancing your protection and delicate safety net. SmartInvest Premier – a plan that gives importance on investing money through higher portion rates and Loyalty Incentives. (Great Eastern Life is Great, Product, 2012) Life Protection There are 2 types of Life protection at Great Eastern:- Great Prime Protect – a term insurance plan premeditated particularly to provide you with reasonable life insurance coverage. Great MaxiProtector – it’s an affordable entire life insurance plan that helps take care of future finances. (Great Eastern Life is Great, Product, 2012) Health Protection There are 4 types of health protection:- Smart Medic Enhancer – facilitates an individual to be better prepared in medical e mergencies. Smart Medic – the inclusive medical rider for investment-linked assurance policy. Smart Early Payout CriticalCare – investment-linked insurance rider, which pays upon premature analysis of a serious illness enclosed under this plan. Great MediCare 2 – an Overall Annual Limit that look after you adjacent to obnoxious bombshells. (Great Eastern Life is Great, Product, 2012) Life + Health Protection There are 4 types of Life + Health Protection:- Great Ideal Living – inclusive guardianship arrangement that accommodates guarantee. Great Compare Care – proffer you living, vital infirmity and mishap protection for a supple coverage period. Smart Educate Planner – so that your child may have enhanced edification chance. SmartPortect Essential – Investment-linked assurance plan with the aim of adapting to your standard of living. Supplementary Riders To improve profit on your investment-linked plan, entire life plan, tenure plan o r bequest plan. Advantages and Disadvantages of Great Eastern Mostly all the companies or organization has its advantages and disadvantages and Great Eastern is not excluded. There are many advantages that Great Eastern Company provides and it categorize in three different areas. Below are the three areas. Advantages 1-Individual 2- Group 3-Bancassurance 1-Individual Through individual, there are 3 different groups that provide advantages for the Great Eastern customers. Which is:- > Savings > Life Protection > Health Protection -Savings Ultimately, a savings plan that will astonish you with its limited premium payment terms and possibly enormous total payouts. At this moment you can knowingly upsize your savings to reach better goals in life, have a regular income stream and get better protection for you and your loved ones. The commitment is of 5 years or 10 years. (Great Eastern Life is Great, Product, 2012)

Journal Entry Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Journal Entry - Assignment Example It is located beside a university but is a very restricted area. Only the employees can get into the facility and of course, the scientists as security personnel as well. This area is highly mysterious because of the nature of its research which is to communicate and understand extra terrestrial beings with the objective of finally meeting one someday. It has mixed reactions of awe and encouragement as well as condescension and ridicule of its research from the scientific community due to the controversial nature of its research. Everyone however agrees that it is in engage in cutting edge research and that its scientists are the most brilliant in the field. Again, I would like to have a character that everyone can relate but is interesting. I would like the character to be a male though. He should be related to the academe so that we could relate as students. He could be a student or to make the character interesting, a professor. A professor that is scientist as well and he must be a little queer to add mystery and interest to the character. He should be endeavouring some endeavour that very little people understands. He may be a little strange but he is brilliant. And of course as many brilliant people often complain, he is misunderstood. And this endeavour or research of his made him look queer or taken as crazy by people around him. Later however, he is vindicated because he proved that he is right. He must have a counterpart to complete a story. After all, a hero is nothing without a villain. So I would make another character which is as queer as a professor and a scientist. That would be a alien. The alien is a pilot and just lik e us looking for another planet with intelligent beings. Yes he would come in peace but will add some twist later to make the story interesting. The setting/s and characters should be connected to the plot. If I have a laboratory,

I need a professional CV and cover letter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

I need a professional CV and cover letter - Essay Example time I have spent living in different places around the world, resulting in the invaluable work and personal experiences which I have had, I have been researching companies of interest that I feel would be a good fit for my professional interests. With my strong language skills in both English as well as Arabic and the working knowledge that I have of conversing in French, I am confident that these skills, along with my background in; sales, journalism, and theater work, that I have amassed a solid level of experience that would be of great benefit to the workplace. I realize you will need to know a bit more about me in order to consider me as suitable candidate; for this reason, I have enclosed my resume for your review as the first step in the application process. I trust you will find my early experience to be a strong indicator of what I would contribute as a skilled, hardworking addition to your work

I Shall Overcome :: College Admissions Essays

My teacher, my favorite teacher, my source of inspiration and stability, tells me I may wake up tomorrow and be happy. Perhaps so - I've been wondering lately if I'm manic-depressive, and such a drastic shift in temperament would fit the pattern. Â   But today I drift upon an endless, empty sea of despair. Like Blanche Dubois, in A Streetcar Named Desire, I have no cleft in the rock of the world. Â   My family never says I can succeed - my own mother tells me that I never know where I'll end up. When I look around me at home, where I live, all I see is people who have given up. From the group of old men who get drunk every night, to my friend who has the ability, but not the drive, to do her schoolwork so she can attend college, all I see around me is people who have lost the will, the ambition, to do something more than merely exist. Â   Even at school, I see it. Friends who, for no other reason but laziness, choose a community college instead of a four-year university. Teachers satisfied with saving only certain students from the tyranny of other teachers and administration. Â   And within myself. Even as I sit here, lamenting my own anguish, the class swarms busily around me, engaged in a debate I should be involved in, too. Â   I've temporarily conceded to the weakness I despise in others. But I have also realized that being and doing all the things I expect of myself does not guarantee my happiness.

Extremely Disturbing Accident Essay

There was an extremely disturbing accident a couple of years ago. I will never be able to forget that scene which made Daniel lost his words and made him stay in the darkness for such a long time. Daniel was a wonderful man who cared about his family more than anything else. He had a lovely wife who was called Mary and between them, he had the most adorable daughter. I have never seen such a caring and loving family who knows to take care about their neighbors as well. They were especially kind to me who was living next door, old and alone. They knew I had no relatives so they often invited me at dinner and on the special occasions such as Christmas and Birthdays. They regarded me as a member of the family. We used to sing every night and, oh, I remember, the family was very fond of reciting poems. Therefore, we had this party in which all had to recite favorite poems very often. Daniel used to write the poems by himself and the poems were always about love in the family and each time, we were touched and impressed by high qualities of them. However, the happiness did not last long. On Daniel’s 40th Birthday, Mary and her daughter, Kate, and I planed to surprise him by taking a birthday cake and a lot of nice food to share with his friends to where Daniel was working. In spite of the fact that Daniel was very angry when we once visited him long time ago, he said the place is too dangerous, we were taking food to where Daniel was working. Having thought back about what he said, he was right; He did a lot of physical works for building up the structures and the place where he worked was very dangerous indeed. Kate was singing, excited with joys, she couldn’t wait to see her dad’s smile at her little- hand made birthday card. She was running down the hill and at the same time, I just realized that she is not safe any longer at that distance. Mary and I were running after her, shouting to stop, but it was too late. By accident, one of the workers dropped a huge-hard wooden material from high floor of the building, and Mary was hit by it so hard that even before the ambulance came to help her, she was already gone to the other world. Daniel thought her death was his fault and he quit the job. He acted like an insane person and people started to avoid him, even his wife gave up trying to turn him back to normal. At last, they got divorced in few months. I didn’t see Daniel for a few months around his house, and then I found him in his garden. I asked him whether he feels better and he always nodded at my questions. I noticed he became the person I used to know, the person before faced his daughter’s death, but I knew something was wrong. He was quiet, too quiet. His eyes were always full of sorrow and made my heart broke. They reminded me of Mary who was gone long ago. I did my best to make him to speak again, not out of pity, but I felt I am the one relative left to take care of him. He hardly got out from his room; it was so hard to make him to get along with people, to get socialized again. I thought it would be impossible to make him speak again unless Mary comes back to him. One day, I have succeeded to take him to the poetry club where he used to love to go and listen to the poems. I thought this rally was the last chance I have and played to God desperately. That, that was a miracle; he was listening the poems quietly and suddenly, he stood up. After a while he started to mumble something and soon he made a perfect sound. I was frozen, alert. The people around him listened to him. He found the music of speech which was concealed in this heart deeply for a long time. ‘When he is done, before the applause, we observed the flower’s silence. A thrush sings and the daffodils are flame†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢